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The contraceptive sponge combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. Three brands are marketed: Pharmatex, Protectaid and Today. Pharmatex is marketed in France and the province of Quebec; Protectaid in the rest of Canada and Europe; and Today in the United States. Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge is produced with spermicide already inside of it, which is used to prevent the sperm from moving.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bith Control Sponge )〕 The sponges are inserted vaginally prior to intercourse and must be placed over the cervix to be effective. Sponges provide no protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). ==Effectiveness== The manufacturer of the Today sponge reports effectiveness for prevention of pregnancy of 89% to 91% when used correctly and consistently. When packaging directions are not followed for every act of intercourse, effectiveness rates of 84% to 89% are reported. Other sources cite poorer effectiveness rates for women who have given birth: 74% during correct and consistent use, and 68% during typical use. Studies of Protectaid have found effectiveness rates of 77% to 91%. Studies of Pharmatex have found perfect use effectiveness rates of over 99% per year.〔 〕 Typical use of Pharmatex results in effectiveness of 81% per year.〔 〕 Sponges may be used in conjunction with another method of birth control such as condoms to increase effectiveness. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「contraceptive sponge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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